Auflistung nach Schlagwort "Verkehrsgeschichte"
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Graue Literatur/ Bericht Cycling and the transport transition. A tale of headwinds and tailwinds.(2021) Deutsches Institut für Urbanistik -Difu-, BerlinAnyone wishing to explain cycling policy in the 40-year period between 1981 and 2021 and wanting to venture a look into the future also needs to understand the beginnings of cycling. Karl-Friedrich von Drais is credited with being the father of the bicycle, although he actually only invented a balance bike with handlebars. The first pedalpowered bicycles with pneumatic tyres did not make an appearance until around the time the Eiffel Tower was built for the Paris World Fair in 1889. They were first used by the wealthy as a piece of sports equipment, but by the turn of the 20th century had already become both more affordable for the broader masses and an everyday means of transport. Cycling clubs were founded, even workers could afford to buy themselves a bike, there were cycling corps in the military and bicycles contributed to women’s emancipation. Along with trams and railways, bicycles helped launch the revolution in speed in towns and cities. For ease of travel, the first cycleways were built on the sand and large cobblestone roads which were typical of the German Imperial Era and also used by riders and carriages. They were either tracks running down the middle of the carriageway or lanes on the edge of the roadway – although these were increasingly obstructed by stationary cars or carriages. Later, raised cycleways along the side of the road also became common. When the cycling boom began in the early 20th century, the first towns and cities in Germany – including Magdeburg, Hanover and Munich – began building cycleways next to the carriageway. After the National Socialists seized power and in speeches by Adolf Hitler in 1933 and 1934, motor vehicles were declared a national symbol. After that even cycle path planners were eager to rid the roads of bothersome cycles, for the benefit of vehicle traffic. When the Reich Road Traffic Regulations entered into force in 1934, cyclists were then required to ride on the far right-hand side of the road, in single file, and to comply with the legal obligation to use cycle paths. The states and provinces were called to build cycle paths so as to get the vexatious bicycles off the road, but there was not enough time to do so before the Second World War broke out. The legal obligation to use cycle paths, which initially served the interests of automobile traffic and was later justified citing cycle traffic safety, remained enshrined in the Road Traffic Regulations from 1934 to 1998 – though it appears that many people think it was never abolished. Today, the obligation to use a cycle path can only be imposed where there is sufficient space for pedestrians and it is necessary for road safety reasons or to ensure the smooth flow of traffic. Anyone who cycles on a road although there is a cycle path (which they are not obliged to use) is often hooted at and intimidated by drivers as though the obligation still applied.Zeitschriften-/Zeitungsartikel Zeitschriften-/Zeitungsartikel Zeitschriften-/Zeitungsartikel Stadt und Verkehr.(2006)Der Aufsatz macht den Versuch, exemplarische und typische Wechselwirkungen zwischen den beiden Systemen Stadt und Verkehr - bzw. dynamisiert der Stadtgeschichte und der Verkehrsgeschichte - zu benennen und in den gegenwärtigen Stand der Forschung in diesem Bereich einzuführen. difuZeitschriften-/Zeitungsartikel Stadt und Verkehr. Themenheft.(2006)In den Aufsätzen und Forschungsnotizen dieses Themenheftes wird versucht, exemplarische und typische Wechselwirkungen zwischen den beiden Systemen Stadt und Verkehr bzw. der Stadtgeschichte und der Verkehrsgeschichte zu beschreiben und den gegenwärtigen Stand der Forschung in diesem Bereich auszuloten. difuZeitschriften-/Zeitungsartikel Städtische Umweltverschmutzung durch Verkehrsemissionen: Öffentliche Debatten und politisch-administrative Interventionen in Deutschland von 1900 bis 1939.(2000)Das Wissen über den Zusammenhang von Verkehrsentwicklung und Gesundheitsproblemen nahm in den zurückliegenden Jahren ständig zu. Obwohl insbesondere Hygieniker und lokale Interessengruppen Gemeinde und Staat zu restriktiv-regulierenden Interventionen aufforderten, kam es in der Politik kaum zu einem veränderten Handeln. Erstens symbolisierte der Verkehr Fortschritt und wirtschaftlichen Aufschwung. Zweitens genossen technische Verbesserungen nach dem Leitbild der technisch-funktionalen Großstadt Vorrang. Der Einfluss der Industrie schlug sich in den Gesetzen und Verordnungen nieder und wirkte sich bis in Bereiche der Verkehrserziehung aus. So zeigten die Interventionen nur geringe Wirkung und dienten eher der Problembewältigung denn der Problemlösung. Viele Maßnahmen wurden nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg wieder zurückgenommen. difuZeitschriften-/Zeitungsartikel 'Die Straße war schuld!' Die Konstruktion eines Angstraums und der autogerechte Stadtumbau in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland.(2020)„The road is to blame!" explores the impact of fear on the post-war transformation of urban space in Western Germany into what is known as the "car-oriented city". The article examines the emotionally charged public discourse on severe car accidents in the 1950s and analyses the automobile lobby's strategy to not only avert damage to the reputation of car traffic but also make use of the emotion of fear to promote it's own goals. In this context, the article addresses the question of how responsibility for social qualities like safety is transferred to material artefacts and whose interests are involved in such processes.Zeitschriften-/Zeitungsartikel